Aldehydes Ketones Grignards LiAlH4 Reactions and Nomenclature KEY

Worksheet for "Aldehydes, Ketones, Grignard Reactions, LiAlH4, and Nomenclature Key" with detailed explanations and examples covering the following topics:

1. Nomenclature:

   • Naming conventions for aldehydes and ketones based on IUPAC rules.

   • Common names and their systematic equivalents.

   • Structural characteristics distinguishing aldehydes from ketones.

2. Structure and Properties:

   • Structural features of aldehydes and ketones.

   • Physical properties (boiling points, solubility, etc.) and how they relate to molecular structure.

3. Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones:

   • Oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes.

   • Oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones.

   • Special methods for preparing specific aldehydes and ketones.

4. Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones:

   • Nucleophilic Addition Reactions: Mechanisms and examples (e.g., hydration, cyanohydrin formation).

   • Oxidation and Reduction Reactions: Differentiating between aldehyde and ketone reactions.

   • Condensation Reactions: Formation of acetals, imines, and enamines.

5. Grignard Reagents:

   • Preparation and structure of Grignard reagents (RMgX).

   • Addition reactions with aldehydes and ketones to form alcohols (Grignard addition).

   • Mechanism of Grignard reagent reactions with carbonyl compounds.

6. Reduction with LiAlH4:

   • Preparation and handling of LiAlH4.

   • Reduction reactions with aldehydes and ketones to form primary and secondary alcohols.

   • Mechanism of LiAlH4 reduction reactions.